By Maria Sachetti ~ Washington Post ~ April 13, 2018
The Trump administration has freed about 100,000 immigrants caught at the U.S.-Mexico border in the 15 months since the president took office, newly released government figures show, despite repeated promises to end President Barack Obama’s “catch and release” policies.
Homeland Security officials say they had to release the migrants — more than 37,500 unaccompanied minors and more than 61,000 family members — because of judges’ rulings and federal laws banning prolonged detentions for children, as well as a lack of detention beds.
The number of people caught crossing the border illegally dropped to a 46-year low after Trump arrived in the White House, prompting then-Homeland Security Secretary John F. Kelly, now the White House chief of staff, to declare that “catch and release” had ended.
But after apprehensions spiked in recent months, hitting 50,000 in March, Trump called for sending the National Guard to the Mexican border and — for the second time — vowed to stop releasing migrants while they await deportation proceedings that can take years.
Federal officials say they are limited by a 2008 anti-trafficking law that bans returning unaccompanied minors to countries other than Mexico and Canada without a hearing, as well as a 1997 legal settlement that limits how long undocumented children can be detained. Officials say about half the border crossers come from Central America. The government often releases parents and children together because detention facilities do not have enough space to keep them in custody.
Border Patrol agents arrest immigrants who illegally crossed the U.S.-Mexico border near McAllen, Tex., in April. (Loren Elliott/Reuters)
“The Trump administration has their hands tied,” said Katie Waldman, a spokeswoman for the Department of Homeland Security.
Another factor clogging the deportation process is that more migrants are now seeking asylum than in the past. Under federal law, the government cannot deport asylum seekers before their cases are heard in the backlogged immigration courts; many are freed on bond to live and work in the United States.
The numbers show the near-impossibility of locking up every person caught crossing illegally, regardless of White House policy.
While advocates say the vast majority of border crossers are simply fleeing gang violence and drug trafficking, or seeking a better life in the United States, the Trump administration says freeing them creates a public safety risk.
“Those who break our immigration laws have continued to exploit legal loopholes to the detriment of our national security and the safety of the American people,” said Homeland Security spokesman Tyler Houlton.
Ending “catch and release” was supposed to be Trump’s No. 2 immigration priority, after walling off the border with Mexico. As a candidate, Trump excoriated Obama for failing to stanch the flow of border crossers and releasing thousands of them to await deportation proceedings. Days after taking office, Trump issued an executive order that said immigrants should be detained until they could be sent out of the country.
But that didn’t happen. When Trump summoned the National Guard last week, the White House said in a statement that the government since fiscal 2016 had apprehended 167,000 parents and children but later released most of them, along with more than 107,000 unaccompanied minors.
A breakdown of those figures requested by The Washington Post showed that the numbers were slightly higher. About 200,000 families and unaccompanied minors were freed under Obama. Despite the initial decline in border crossings, more than 98,000 were released under Trump, according to statistics from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which releases adults and families, and the Department of Health and Human Services, which takes custody of unaccompanied minors and places them with a parent or guardian.
“I think the president has come to realize that we have a Constitution and a Supreme Court that governs how and when people can be detained,” said Gregory Chen, director of government relations at the American Immigration Lawyers Association.
Conservative groups that support Trump’s efforts to curtail illegal immigration have grumbled for months about his continuing to release border crossers.
Jessica Vaughan, director of policy studies for the Center for Immigration Studies, said in December that “smugglers have figured out that the courts have tied ICE’s hands and ICE doesn’t have the money for detention space. The catch-and-release policy is still in effect.”
The White House said many released minors — nearly 70 percent of whom are teenage boys — have not shown up for their deportation hearings.
“Foreign nationals see how easy it is to enter the United States, and how hard it is for federal immigration authorities to remove aliens who enter illegally,” the White House statement said last week. “. . . In the absence of lasting solutions . . . we can only expect the flow of illegal immigration into our country to continue.”
But liberal members of Congress and civil rights groups say there is no reason to detain minors and families.
“It is clear that the Trump Administration would rather jail pregnant women, children and other vulnerable immigrants even though there are safer and more humane alternatives,” Congressional Hispanic Caucus Chairwoman Michelle Lujan Grisham (D-N.M.) said in a statement. “This is wrong, costly and betrays our deepest held beliefs and principles as a people.”
Obama tried to create an alternative to “catch and release” with a refugee program that granted legal residence to minors who had a parent in the country legally. But Trump canceled that program last year.
His decision to deploy the National Guard is being praised by immigration hard-liners, who say it is up to Congress to fund Trump’s requests for a border wall and more immigration judges, and to change the laws that limit how long minors can be detained.
“Congress simply needs to step up,” said R.J. Hauman, government relations director at the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which favors slashing legal and illegal immigration. “These people want to get apprehended because they know they will be released into the interior of the country.”
Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera, an associate professor of government at George Mason University who has studied immigrant smuggling, said would-be migrants could be deterred by the presence of National Guardsmen. But ultimately, she said, they will base their decisions on whether others continue to win release in the United States.
“Initially they will say, ‘Let’s wait,’ ” she said. “One is going to try, and then 10 are going to try. And if they’re not affected, then they’ll continue.
Source: Maria Sachetti ~ Washington Post
